Use This IELTS Linking Words List
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Using a variety of linking words, aka connectors and transitions, accurately is crucial to obtaining a high band score in the IELTS. It improves your organisation of ideas, which will allow the examiner to follow your answer much easier.
Table of Contents
1. List of Linking Words
| Type | Connector | Commonly Used in |
|---|---|---|
| Listing | firstly, secondly, thirdly, first, furthermore, finally, to begin, to conclude, next | Essays Flow Chart |
| Giving examples | for example, for instance, as follows, that is, in this case, namely, in other words, to illustrate this | Essays Reports |
| Generalising | in general; generally; on the whole; as a rule; for the most part; in most cases; usually | Essays |
| Additional information | Also, furthermore, moreover; what What is more, in addition, besides, plus, above all, as well (as), in the same way; not only … but also, as well as, and, also, another reason is | Essays, Reports, Letters |
| Expressing contrast | instead; conversely; on the contrary, in contrast; in comparison, on the other hand, even though, however, nevertheless, still, yet, although, but, while, or | Essays, Reports |
| Clarification | as I was saying, what I want to clarify is, what I mean is | Letters, Essays |
| Transitioning to a new point | Now, as far as x is concerned, with regard/reference to…, it follows that, turning to | Letters, Essays |
| Expressing similarity | equally; likewise; similarly; correspondingly; in the same way | Reports |
| Summary | in conclusion; to conclude; in brief; to summarise; overall; therefore | Essays |
| Results/consequences | so; therefore; as a result/consequence; accordingly; consequently; because of this/that; thus; hence; for this/that reason; so that | Essays |
| Reason | because, since, as, due to, owing to, for, given that, in view of, considering, seeing that. | Essays Letters |
2. Linking Words in IELTS Writing
2.1 To show contrast
It’s useful in both writing tasks, especially in agree-disagree essays where you’re required to provide contrasting ideas.
For example: On the one hand, investing in renewable energy sources is essential for sustainable development. On the other hand, the initial costs of such investments can be prohibitively high for many developing countries.
2.2 Improving the flow of ideas when listing
It’s crucial that you list your ideas with the correct linkers to improve flow and understandability. Using linking words like “Firstly/secondly/lastly” is fine, but for a better score, you’ll need to incorporate more advanced ones.
- For example: To begin with, the new programme will increase funding for public schools. Moreover, it will provide scholarships for underprivileged students. Ultimately, the programme aims to enhance the overall quality of education by incorporating modern technology into the curriculum.
2.3 Introducing Reason
While arguing your point in a task 2 essay or even in a part 1 letter, you’ll definitely be expected to provide reasons for your views at one point or another. Avoid common linking words like because; try to use a variation of more uncommon ones.
- For example: Many people prefer working from home since it allows for a better work-life balance and saves time by not having to commute back and forth.
2.4 For clarification
To help ensure your message or arguments are clear, you can clarify by using certain linking words/phrases.
- For example: The project needs more funding. In other words, we can’t proceed without additional financial support.
2.5 Introducing Conclusion
In task 2, it’s advisable to always begin your final paragraph with the appropriate linking words to introduce your final thoughts and summary of what was discussed in the essay.
- For example: To sum up, while both viewpoints present valid arguments, the benefits of providing free schooling far outweigh the potential drawbacks
2.6 To describe a process
When you’re presented with a diagram for writing Task 1, you’ll be expected to describe the process. To do this successfully, you need to incorporate the appropriate linking words.
- For example: Initially, the grapes are harvested; after this, they’ll be taken to the barn. The next step is to process them.
2.7 Giving examples
Providing examples is essential in both Task 1 and Task 2 to support your points and make your arguments more convincing. Using varied linking words can help introduce your examples smoothly.
- For example: For instance, the new recycling methods have already produced excellent results.
Writing Task 2 sample
Scientists and technology experts seems to be more valued by modern society than musicians and artists.
To what extent do you agree ?
In today’s world, scientists and technology experts often seem more valued than musicians and artists. Firstly, I agree with this because of the critical role science and technology play in our lives. However, it is also important to recognise the contributions of musicians and artists.
To begin, scientists and technology experts drive progress in fields like medicine and communication. For example, advances in medical technology have improved healthcare, and tech experts have revolutionised communication. Therefore, their impact on daily life makes them highly valued.
On the other hand, musicians and artists contribute in equally important ways. For instance, music and art inspire, heal, and unite people. Moreover, during difficult times, such as the recent pandemic, they provided comfort and normalcy. Also, the cultural enrichment from the arts is vital for a well-rounded society.
To conclude, while scientists and technology experts are highly valued for their contributions, musicians and artists also play crucial roles. In summary, both groups should be recognised and appreciated for their unique contributions to society.
3. Improving fluency and coherence in speaking section
3.1 In Speaking Part 1
Just because your answers in speaking part 1 are shorter, it doesn’t mean you don’t have time to squeeze in a few linking words. A great structure to use when answering these questions is often to give a reason after your answer, following an example. This allows a few opportunities to incorporate linking words.
- For example:
Q. Why are headphones so popular among young people nowadays?
- I think one main reason is the variety of headphones that are now available. In other words, no matter what style you’re into, you’re guaranteed to find a pair that works for you. For instance, I’ve never been fond of the wire attached to headphones. Luckily, they now have so many Bluetooth options available.
3.2 In Speaking Part 2 Cue-Card
This is the lengthy part of the speaking section where you’ll rely heavily on linking words to help organise your ideas and maintain clarity.
You can incorporate the following types of linking words:
- Adding Information – additionally, besides
- Giving Examples – to illustrate, such as
- Sequencing Ideas – subsequently, thereafter
- Showing Contrast – Nevertheless, Despite this
- Clarifying – that is to say, to put it another way
- Giving Reasons – owing to, due to
- Comparing and Contrasting – likewise, on the contrary
- Concluding – ultimately, in summary
3.3 In Speaking Part 3
A longer answer means you need the linking words to organise your ideas. The linking words required here are similar to part 2.
- For example:
Q. Do you think wealthy people should help those in need?
- Definitely, I believe that wealthy individuals should help the less fortunate. First of all, they have the resources to significantly address poverty. Moreover, their actions can inspire others to contribute. On the other hand, not all may feel compelled, but a culture of giving can encourage participation. Ultimately, their involvement fosters community and social harmony.
Speaking Part 2 sample
Let’s take a look at an example from a Part 2 question and how you can improve your fluency and coherence by incorporating linking words/phrases.
Describe a day that is special to you. Please say
You should say:
- What is it
- Why is it special to you
- Why do you celebrate or spend it with
I’d like to talk about my graduation day from university, which happened on a sunny day in June after years of hard work. During the ceremony in our university auditorium, surrounded by professors, classmates, and family, I felt a deep sense of achievement. Plus, the speeches and applause made the moment unforgettable.
For the most part, it was a day of celebrating achievements and reflecting on the challenges overcome. Most importantly, it signified the beginning of a new chapter and reminded me of the support from mentors and loved ones. Also, it highlighted the importance of perseverance in achieving goals. Overall, my graduation day was a memorable occasion that continues to inspire me in my pursuits.
4. How to use connectors like a native
- Some cohesive devices are more formal and won’t sound natural when answering personal questions. For this reason, it’s best to avoid using linking words like in addition to, furthermore, consequently, etc. when answering personal questions.
- Don’t overuse linking words; even if they’re being used correctly, it’ll make you sound unnatural.
- Don’t overwhelm yourself by trying to memorise all of them; just pick a few and practice using them accurately and flexibly in both your writing and speaking.
- Avoid overusing linking words while speaking. This often happens when candidates try to make-up for a lack of vocabulary by repeating various linking phrases in their answers. However, it will negatively impact your score as your answers won’t contain enough content or make a lot of sense.
- Make use of a variety of linking words/phrases to avoid repetition in both speaking and writing.
